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Southampton (England) is a city in Hampshire, southern England, near the head of Southampton Water (an inlet of the English Channel), on the Itchen and Test rivers. Southampton is the major trading port on the southern coast of England. It has passenger traffic to the Continent, but its transatlantic passenger traffic has declined. The principal industries are shipbuilding and the manufacture of motor vehicles. Points of interest include King John's Palace (12th century), the 14th-century gates of the Norman town walls, and Southampton Art Gallery. The city is the seat of the University of Southampton (1862) and a 16th-century grammar school. The Roman settlement of Clausentum and the later Saxon town of Hamwih were located on the site. In the Middle Ages Southampton was an important English port. It became a fashionable resort in the 18th century. During World War II the port was heavily damaged.
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